在大部分人的眼中,笔记本电脑始终扮演移动办公和音视频多媒体娱乐等角色,玩游戏那是台式机的工作。但近年来,两者之间的性能区别正在逐步弱化,尤其是游戏本的出现直接颠覆了人们多年来的固有印象,这不仅是因为移动版处理器和显卡的性能不断增强,更是由于容量和速度日渐增长的DRAM。<xg-bar class="xg-top-bar" data-index="-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; display: flex; position: absolute; z-index: 10; top: 0px; left: 16px; right: 16px; height: 50px;"><xg-bar class="xg-right-bar" data-index="-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; display: block; position: absolute; z-index: 9; top: 50px; bottom: 50px; width: 50px; right: 0px;"><xg-prompt class="xgplayer-prompt controls-follow" data-index="0" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 12px 5px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; font-family: "PingFang SC"; bottom: 10px; transition: bottom 0.3s ease 0s; display: block; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; z-index: 1; opacity: 0; left: 10px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); border-radius: 50px; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><xg-poster class="xgplayer-poster hide" data-index="0" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; display: block; opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 675.997px; height: 380.238px; background-position: 50% center; background-repeat: no-repeat; transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s, visibility 0.3s ease 0s; pointer-events: none; background-image: url("
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<xg-icon class="xgplayer-time" data-index="2" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 0px; line-height: 40px; font-family: PingFangSC-Semibold; position: relative; height: 40px; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-width: 40px; text-align: center; display: inline-block;">
<xg-center-grid class="xg-center-grid" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; display: block; position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; outline: none; top: -17px; text-align: center;"><xg-progress class="xgplayer-progress " data-xg-target-type="progress" role="slider" tabindex="0" aria-label="播放进度条" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="90" data-index="0" max="90" aria-valuenow="15" aria-valuetext="16%" value="15" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; display: flex; align-items: center; position: relative; min-width: 100px; height: 20px; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 0px; outline: none; flex: 1 1 0%; cursor: pointer;"><xg-outer class="xgplayer-progress-outer" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; position: relative; width: 644.003px; height: 3px; border-radius: 0px; cursor: pointer; transition: height 0.15s ease 0s !important;"><xg-inners class="progress-list" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; display: flex; height: 2.99107px; width: 644.003px; border-radius: inherit;"><xg-inner class=" xgplayer-progress-inner" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; position: relative; flex: 1 1 0%; height: 2.99107px; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.24); transition: height 0.2s ease-in 0s, opacity 0.2s ease-out 0s; border-radius: inherit; pointer-events: none;"><xg-cache class="xgplayer-progress-cache" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; display: block; height: 2.99107px; width: 403.348px; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; border-radius: inherit; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);"><xg-played class="xgplayer-progress-played" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; display: block; height: 2.99107px; width: 109.196px; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; border-radius: inherit; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><xg-progress-btn class="xgplayer-progress-btn" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0.5px solid rgba(255, 94, 94, 0.055); vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; background: none; box-shadow: none; width: 20px; height: 20px; border-radius: 30px; left: 109.211px; position: absolute; z-index: 1; pointer-events: none; display: block; top: 1.4881px; transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0); transition: transform 0.15s ease 0s, -webkit-transform 0.15s ease 0s, -moz-transform 0.15s ease 0s;"><xg-right-grid class="xg-right-grid" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; position: relative; display: flex; flex-flow: row-reverse wrap; flex-shrink: 1; height: 55.997px; z-index: 1; align-items: center;"><xg-icon class="xgplayer-fullscreen" aria-label="进入全屏" tabindex="0" role="button" data-index="0" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 12px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; position: relative; height: 40px; cursor: pointer; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); opacity: 0.9;">
<xg-icon class="xgplayer-volume" data-state="normal" aria-label="静音" tabindex="0" role="button" data-index="1" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; position: relative; height: 40px; cursor: pointer; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); opacity: 0.9;">
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什么是DRAM?DRAM中文全称叫动态随机存取存储器,也是我们PC中最重要的内存。其实除了PC,包括智能手机、智能电视甚至路由器等绝大部分智能设备等都需要用到它。DRAM是一种半导体元器件,PC常用的是将多个DRAM芯片集合在一块条状的带金手指的PCB上,这就是我们常说的内存条。
和外部存储器单纯的存储功能相比,DRAM的工作流程较为复杂,当计算机开始运行的时候,操作系统(例如Windows)就会将需要运算的数据调到DRAM中供CPU进行运算,运算完成后CPU将结果传送到显示器、打印机等设备。由于PC中所有程序的运行都在内存中进行,因此DRAM的容量和性能直接影响计算机整体发挥的水平。DRAM的原理和特点从工作原理看,DRAM通常使用一个晶体管和一个电容器来代表一个比特,拥有动态存取的特性,因此相对于硬盘等外部存储设备,DRAM存取速率更快,因此它与CPU直接通信,暂时存放CPU中的运算数据,以及与硬盘等外部存储器交换的数据,可以说是外部存储器与CPU进行沟通的桥梁。
由于常用的Windows操作系统、办公设计和游戏等软件都是安装在硬盘中,只有将它们调入到DRAM中才能运行,同时我们敲击的每一个字符、游戏人物中的一个转身都是保存在DRAM中的。但关闭电源后RAM会丢失所有储存的数据,这也是我们工作和玩游戏时经常要及时保存进度的原因。
从外观看,标准的DRAM内存为条状,而为了满足笔记本电脑等移动设备较小内部空间占用的需求,笔记本专用的DRAM内存不仅长度缩减了一半左右,固定方式也由台式平台的常用的“立式”DIMM改为“卧式”的SO-DIMM。DRAM的进化和发展从早期的SDRAM到DDR,再到如今的DDR4、DDR5,DRAM的运行频率和容量都有了质的飞跃,这都要归功于半导体技术的不断发展。虽然现在市场上DRAM内存条的品牌遍地开花,但绝大部分厂商都只具备PCB的设计生产能力,而具备DRAM芯片研发制造能力的仅有少数几个半导体厂商。作为半导体行业的头部品牌,三星不仅拥有先进的芯片制程工艺和设计能力,更具备DRAM的强大技术储备,早在1983年就研发出韩国首个64KBDRAM,在1998年和2001更是首发了DDRDRAM和DDR2DRAM内存,自此奠定了在DRAM市场坚实的地位,并积极参与JEDEC的DRAM标准制定。
2005年,三星发布了世界第一款DDR3DRAM内存样品并使用80nm生产技术投产,1066MB/s的理论速率达到DDR2DRAM的两倍;到了2011年初,三星完成了业界首款DDR4DRAM内存的研发并采用30nm的工艺生产了样品,性能实现了对DDR3DRAM的翻倍超越。至今DDR4DRAM仍在大部分的PC中发挥着重要的作用。如今DRAM已跨入DDR5时代,虽然尚未实现完全普及,但DDR5DRAM技术仍是半导体厂商的“兵家必争之地”。2020年3月三星率先使用EUV光刻技术并于10月批量生产14nm制造工艺的DDR5DRAM芯片。EUV光刻就是采用波长为10-14nm的极紫外光作为光刻,蚀刻的各项异性明显改善,大幅提升DRAM芯片产能和良品率,并降低生产成本。
纵观DRAM的历程,不仅容量从几KB增到令人惊讶的几十GB,速度更是永无止境的不断的超越,成为高性能CPU的最佳“助攻”,这正是背后半导体技术的不断升级进化和自我超越的结果。科技前进的脚步永远不会停下,据悉三星已经开始了DDR6DRAM的研发工作,不久的将来可能会首发DDR6DRAM的样品,至于它的容量和速度,我们拭目以待。